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Ozone
is a pungent gas naturally produced in the Earth's upper
atmosphere by the action of UV sunlight on oxygen molecules.
Ozone can be created for water treatment purposes by sending
air through a special chamber containing a high-voltage "spark," which
creates a blue plasma corona; it is also produced by sending
air through a chamber of ultraviolet light. |
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Ozone is
a powerful oxidizer similar to chlorine. Many of the same
benefits we get from chlorinating water (disinfection,
oxidation of metals, etc.) is also realized by using ozone
gas, except that with ozone, there is no chemical residual
left in the water. Chlorine can combine with organic material
in water to produce toxic compounds, such as "THMs". |
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Because of
its active characteristic, ozone cannot be stored. So it
is generated on-site near its point of use. Ozone is generated
by the exposure of air or pure oxygen to a high-energy source
such as a high voltage electrical discharge (corona discharge),
photochemical reaction (UV light), high or low electrical
frequencies or high-energy radiation. The most widely used
procedure is the corona discharge method because it produces
the highest concentration of ozone for the amount of electrical
energy applied and currently is considered to be the only
practical method of generating ozone in large scale quantities. |
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In the corona discharge
method a dry, oxygen-containing gas (air or pure oxygen)
is passed between two electrically charged plates separated
by a ceramic dielectric and a narrow discharge gap while
a high voltage alternating current is applied. Under these
conditions a portion of the oxygen in the feed gas is converted
to ozone in the following manner: |
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| O2+e 2[O] +heat |
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| 2[O] +202= 203 |
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Because ozone
is only slightly soluble in water, at the partial pressure
at which it is generated and applied, contacting ozone with
water involves bringing bubbles of ozone-containing air or
oxygen into intimate contact with the water. |
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The ozonation process may
be divided into four main parts: gas preparation, electrical
power supply, ozone generation and contacting. Associated
with these basic components are additional subunits such
as controls, instrumentation, cooling water and/or cooling
air supply, Ozonized gas and water are generally brought
into close proximity in a contactor, usually a venture injector
type. Mass transfer of ozone from the gaseous bubbles occurs
across the gas/liquid interface into the water.   |
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Material
- MSPC/SS
Flow - 100LPH to 10,000
LPH (01 gms - 100 gms) |
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